C Program Control (Chapter 4)

	for-loops (4.4, 4.5, 4.6)

		This:

		alpha
		while( beta ) {
			/* do something */
			gamma
		}

		Is equal to:

		for(alpha;beta;gamma) {
			/* do something */
		}

		Counting up and down.
		Counting by multiples.
		Multiple expressions with comma.

	do-while (4.8)
		do {
			/* do something */
		while( expr );

		Don't forget the comma at the end!

	switch (4.7)

		Example of switching on a character grade.
		break; sends control to the end of the switch.
		Can use multiple cases to "fall through".
		Can use a default: case to catch the rest.		

	break and continue (4.9)
		
		break; always sends control to the end of the block.
		continue; executes the "gamma" then restarts the loop with the "beta" expression.

More About Types
	(This topic is scattered throughout the book,
	so here I am pulling together information from several places.


	Type		Code	Bytes	Bits	Range
	char		%c	1	8	-128 to 127
	short (int)	%hd	2	16	-32768 to 32767
	int		%d	4	32	-2147483648 to 2147483647
	long (int)	%ld	8	64	-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
	float		%f	4	32	+/- 10^-45 to 10^38 (approx)
	double		%lf	8	64	+/- 10^-300 to 10^300 (approx)

	unsigned options double the positive range.

	Now, more precise definitions of:
		Value
		Variable
		Operator
		Expression

	Each of these has a *type* (known at compile time) and a *value* (computed at runtime.

	The *type* is there to help the compiler find mistakes for you.

	An operator (+-*/) must have the same types on both side.  If it does not, the smaller type is *promoted* to the larger type, then the operator returns a value of the larger type.

	Examples of expressions and type promotion.

	Special case: Characters are just integers in ASCII encoding, try this:

	char c;
	for(c=0;c<255;c++) {
		printf("%c\t%d\n",c,(int)c);
	}